Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who invented and developed a process to vulcanize rubber in 1839, which he improved while living and working in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1844, and for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Patent Office on June 15, 1844.

Though Goodyear is often credited with its invention, modern evidence has proven that the Mesoamericans used stabilized rubber for balls and other objects as early as 1600 BC. Goodyear discovered the vulcanization process accidentally after five years of searching for a more stable rubber and stumbling upon the effectiveness of heating.

Fritz Hofmann (Friedrich Carl Albert) (2 November 1866 - 22 October 1956) was a German organic chemist who first synthesized synthetic rubber.

Hofmann studied chemistry in Rostock. On September 12, 1909, he filed a patent for the manufacture of the world's first synthetic rubber.

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